Catch a glimpse of uman's tech stack
You’re probably wondering what funky technology stack a start-up like uman uses. We’ve seen you glare! Well, let’s open the doors and show you how managed services, and more specifically serverless technology, can truly give the engineering team of a start-up superpowers 🦾.
First, we will look at some important design choices we have put forward to design our technology. Afterwards, the major building blocks of the uman technology stack are highlighted and discussed.
Design choices for (y)our Technology Stack
The early technology design choices for a start-up can make a huge difference in the “expiration date” of the software architecture. Basically, better choices will result in lower technical debt over time and keep the engineering agility high. This is one of the rare cases in computer science where trade-offs are not specifically present, better design choices don’t generally come with more engineering workload.
Also, not unimportant, remember that design choices are contextual. The context (requirements, constraints, etc) in which you are building a piece of software drives your design choices. There is no good or bad in general, but there is better and worse within a specific context.
Managed services
In recent years, managed services have become widely available for almost all popular software products. Whether you want to host a database or run a container, most cloud providers will provide a managed service for it and do the heavy lifting — network, infrastructure, scaling, logging, etc — for you.
If you think about the output a handful engineers can achieve by leveraging todays managed services versus “do-it-yourself” (I know I am exaggerating but you get the point 😉) technology of 5–10 years ago, I would not be surprised if it is a factor in the range of 10 to 100.
To maximize the business value of our product, we leverage managed services where possible. The only exception here is when the managed service comes with a disproportional pricing.
Serverless ❤️
Serverless technology is a popular item these days, and it should be as it really is a superpower for smaller teams. It is a subcategory of managed services and basically it means that you don’t manage any servers any longer. They are abstracted away, and you pay-per-use. This is especially useful if you have high elastic workloads, but also to enable very cost-efficient environments.
To give a concrete example, at uman we synchronize data from external document management systems such as Google Drive and Sharepoint. These data crunching workloads are very elastic so it perfectly fits the serverless paradigm. We don’t have any cost when we are not synchronizing data. But when we do crunch data, we can easily scale up to hundreds of instances, without having to worry about a single server.
Our chosen Technology Stack
Google Cloud
There are a couple of global cloud providers that offer a very wide range of cloud services. Most of these cloud providers offer a similar quality of service, so most likely there is not really a bad choice here. There are hundreds, if not thousands, of articles about comparing the major cloud providers so I won’t touch that subject here. But as the title might have spoiled it, the support for serverless technology was at the top of our wish list when deciding on a cloud provider.
APIs on Cloud Run
The core of the uman platform is built out of modular stateless services, which we will refer to as ‘microservices’, that can scale independently. The backend is in essence a mesh of services where functionality is cleanly separated from each other in manageable software units.
How do we run all these services at scale? Enter Cloud Run, it allows you to run containers in a breeze, without managing a single server. No need to worry about network, scaling, SSL/TLS certificates, rolling-updates, etc. Life is easy 😎.
It is important to mention that these services are defined in an API-first manner, meaning that we first write the contract to which the service has to adhere to. This allows server and client implementations to happen in parallel, with a single source of truth on how the communication will happen.
Elasticsearch on Elastic Cloud
As we are a search product, there is no way around Elasticsearch. At first, we deployed Elasticsearch ourselves on a Kubernetes cluster. We soon noticed that this was taking a significant amount of engineering time to maintain and monitor this cluster. We decided to drop the self-managed Elasticsearch cluster for the managed service by Elastic Cloud. They offer a private Elasticsearch instance in Google Cloud for you to configure and enjoy with just a few clicks. Life is even greater now 🕺.
PostgreSQL on CloudSQL
To store relational data, CloudSQL is used as it offers a managed service for a PostgreSQL database. Updates, automated backups, etc is all managed for us, again with just a few clicks. This is one of the very few pieces that is not yet serverless 😩. In the future, we hope to benefit from serverless databases for our non-production environments.
Warehousing data on BigQuery
To store and transform large, mainly non-relational, analysis related data, we use the superpowers of BigQuery 🦸♂️. BigQuery is a serverless, highly scalable and cost-effective multicloud data warehouse designed for business agility.
Message queues over Pub/Sub
Messages queues have been around for quite a while now, and should not be a surprise Google has a managed, serverless service for it. We mainly use Pub/Sub to decouple parts of background processes, so that information can be processed at different speeds 🙅♂️.
(ML) Workflows on Vertex AI Pipelines
Where does all the magic happen then? Where are all the ML models trained? How do you iterate over different ML models? How do you synchronize external data with the uman platform? These are all workflows that we build and orchestrate with Vertex AI Pipelines.
Simply put, you define a set of actions that is executed in a specific order, also known as a directed acyclic graph (DAG). These actions are represented by code executions, more specifically docker containers. You can easily transfer information between steps so that every step has its necessary context to execute the right action.
These workflows are executed in a serverless fashion, there is not a single machine you should worry about. As long as you bring your DAG definition, GCP will bring its machines and execute if for you 🧙.
API management via Cloud Endpoints
Google offers Cloud Endpoints as lightweight API management layer in order to protect and monitor the backend traffic in correspondence of the OpenAPI specification that we have set forward. This is a serverless layer that sits in front of your targeted backend service.
Unspecified API behavior (endpoints, parameters) will be blocked to avoid malicious actions to take effect. Statistics are automatically calculated for all the different endpoints and we can apply alerting on top of them. For example we want to be notified whenever search latencies start to spike 🕵️♂️.
Web app Firewall on Cloud Armor
Is this sufficient to protect your application from malicious attacks 🥷? Not really, so that is why we put a web app firewall 👨✈️ in front of the API gateway . Google Cloud Armor is leveraged to protect us from DDoS and WAF attacks at Google Scale. This includes mitigation against OWASP Top 10 risks.
Web app on Firebase
The web application, through which users connect to the uman platform, is hosted on Firebase. It offers a super smooth experience for building and running our Vue.js web application in a serverless way.
We also leverage the preview URL feature to enable a temporary frontend instance whenever a pull request is opened. In this way we can directly inspect the proposed changes 🔎.
Conclusion
As we have seen, Google offers a large suite of serverless technology that basically enables your engineering team to go 10x. And for a start-up this speed-up matters, a lot 🚀.
Are you triggered by our ingenuity? Did we leave you baffled by our experience? Are you wondering what else we have in store for you?
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